mulloy



(No Model.) Jl B MULLOY.

INJEGTORAND BURNER. No. 829,844. Patented Nov. 3, 1885.

INVBNTOR BWQW ATTORNEYS.

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UNITED STATES PATENT Garros@ JOHN B. MULLOY, OF LIMA, PERU.

INJECTOR AND BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 329,844, dated November3, 1885.

Application iled November 24, 1884. Serial No. 148,761. (No model.)

ToaZZ whoml t may concern,.-

Be it known that I, J oHN B. MULLoY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Lima, Peru, have invented a new and useful Improvement inInjectors and Burners, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improved injector and burner for gases orvaporized hydrocarbons; and it consists of an apparatus adapted to theproduction of intense heat, and to methods of applying said heat topractical purposes-such as the generation of steam, the smelting ofores, and to various other p rocesses in which a high temperature isnecessary. To obtain the best results I consider it necessary that theair and gas or gases should be thoroughly and intimately mixed beforereaching the point of ignition. To this end I employ a base-plate havingcast integrally therewith an inclosing shell or casing. said plate beingprovided with asuitable number of perforations for the reception ofbolts, by which the injector and burner is attached to any desiredapparatus. Cone-shaped disks are provided having perforated bosses orears, by means of which the said disks are secured together and to thebase-plate by conning bolts and nuts. Said cone-disks are arranged inseries, and being centrally perforated are formed into the shape of' afrustum of a cone, the diameters at said frustum gradually increasing insize from the lower cone, thus forming a central passage ormixingchamber tapering from the upper to the lower coneedisk. Thesurfaces of the disks decrease in area from the lower cone. Midway uponthe interior of the casing or inclosing-shell of the injector is formedan annular flange. Upon the lower end of said casing is formed anannular flange. Both of said flanges are provided with female threads.Formed upon the upper portion of the base-plate is a core or nozzle,bored or cast, with a fiaring aperture constituting the vena contracta7of an injector the spindle of which is operated by means of a rodprovided with threads which mesh into threads out on the casing-head.Said rod is operated by means of a worm-gear and pinion. At the base ofthe spindle is a valve which finds its seat upon a corresponding face ona tube encircling said spindle, the said tube being attached by ascrew-threaded connection to the ange of the casing.

The burner is inclosed by a double-shelled hood, with means forregulating the admission of air.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents a sideelevation of my irnproved injector and burner. Fig. 2 is a sectionalview of the same. Figs. 3 and 4 are detail views. Fig. 5 is a sideelevation showing the hood with aportion of the outer shell broken away.

A is a base-plate, provided with a suitable number of perforations, a a,for reception of bolts, which attach the injector and burner to anydesired object or apparatus. Extending upwardly and formed centrallywith relation to the base-plate A is va core or nozzle, B, within whichis bored or cast a daring opening, b. Extending downwardly from saidbaseplate is an annular hollow casing or shell, C, having screw-threadedapertures c c c" c, leading into the same. The interior of the casing orshell C has formed upon it an annular flange, b', situated midwaybetween the ends of said casing, and provided with threads forengagement by corresponding threads cut upon the exterior of a tube, f.The lower end of said casing has formed upon it an an,- nular flange, b,having a female thread. The lower portion ofthe aperture b flaresoutwardly, and constitutes the vena contracta of an injector, thespindle D of which is supported and operated by its screw-threaded rodd, having at its extreme lower end a pinion, d', meshing into the wormd,by which said rod d is operated. The rod d is provided with a malethread on that portion of its length which enters into and passesthrough a cap or head, E, provided with a female thread with which themale thread on the rod d meshes. A gland or packing-nut, c, screws ontothe said cap or head E by a threaded connection, and serves to compressthe packing e and the washer e, preserving a tight joint about the rodd. The base of the spindle D is provided with a valve, F, which, whenthe rod d is screwed down, finds its seat on a corresponding face formedon the tube f,which latter surrounds the spindle D, said tube f having amale thread which meshes into or with the female thread on the IOOilange b', thus securing the said tube f to the casing C. An annularpassage, f', is formed between the tube f and the spindle D.

Upon the base-plate A are mounted centrally-perforated disks G G, havingthe shape of a frustum of a cone, said disks G G being provided withcircumferential bosses or ears g g, which are perforated for thereception of confining-bolts g g, which secure the disks G G togetherand to the base-plate A. It will be seen that the bottom one of thecone-shaped disks rests dat upon the base-plate A,thereby preventing theadmission of any air at the base of said disk. This is done in orderthat the air may be admitted gradually as the current ascends in themixingchamber h, and prevent a great iniiux of air at thebottom cone, asis customary with devices as heretofore constructed. It' it is desired-to have the base of the bottom cone open, this same result-. e., theprevention of a great iniux of air-would be accomplished by the nozzleB, which projects upwardly into the lower cone and occupies the sameposition relatively to said cone as it (the cone) occupies to the onenext above it. By the use of bot-h the flange A and the nozzle B aclosed circulating space is formed, as shown in Fig. 2. The said disks GG are arranged in series, one, above the other, and as the bosses orears g g are of a greater thickness than the disks air-spaces gf g areformed between them. The upper cone, g, is provided with anupwardlyprojecting rim, H, and upon this may be secured a gauze screen,h, and a clampingring, h. The opening in said upper cone, g", may,however, be of any desired or necessaryv shape. The central perforationsin the disks G G vary in size, gradually increasing from` the lower onein the series to the upper, and providing a continuously-increasinglcentral tapering mixing chamber or passage, h, thus decreasing to thesame extent the distance from the innerportion of each cone toits outeredge, providing a gradually-decreasing disksurface from the lower to theupper disk. By. this means the resistance to the induction of airthrough the spaces is decreased from the base to the mouth of themixing-chamber, so that the volume of air supplied is graduallyincreased. The disks G G, having the central apertures, and theair-spaces g g, form the mixing-.cham ber IL..

I is the upper chamber, andy J the lower chambenof the injector, whichmay be sepay rated from each other by screwing the valve F, by means ofthe rod d, down upon its seat on the tube f, the said tube f, when thevalve F is open, forming an extension `of the chamber J.

The pipe through which steam isconducted may be connected at c to thelower chamber,J, and the pipe for gas may be connected to the oppositeside of said chamber J at c. The pipes for gas or vapor lead directlyinto the upper chamber, I, by being connected. at c" A0', respectively.The combining-chamber is surrounded by an an nular double-shelled hood,K, Fig.. 5 the inner shell, la, of which is provided with inletapertures k, and the outer shell, 7c, with apertures k, the air beingadmitted to the spaces g g by turning the outer shell, lc, so that itsapertures k will register with the apertures k in the inner shell. Thisshell or hood is shown in position, Fig. 2.

The operation of the described apparatus is as follows: I take from areservoir any suitable gas' under pressure to the lower chamber, J thequantity which passes through the annular passage f being regulated bythe valve F. operated by the pinion d and wormgear el. Said gas,in itspassage through the aperture b, creates by its velocity a vacuum in thelupper chamber, I, and mixes with the induced currents of air coming intothe combiningchamber through the air-spaces g g. Itis essential in mostcases, in order to. produce economical results, that this air should bepreliminarily heated. It will be seen that the air and gas which passesthrough the combi-ningchamber is thoroughly mixed, since by the gradualincrease in size of the tapering central passage the gas is to a certainextent checked as it issues from the aperture b, while at the same timethe disks G G, gradually decreasing in area and sloping toward thecentral passage, do not prevent the air and gas from passingy into, thecombustion chamber or furnace. When it is desired to use steam, itisadmitted into the lower chamber,J, through the opening c, the gas beingshut off at c and admitted from the reservoir at c into the upperchamber, I. Thesuperheated steam is then allowed `to pass through theannular passage f', and through the .aperture b, where it-miXes with theat- Ioo mospheric air coming through the air-spaces g g. If, instead ofgas, it is desired to use a, Vaporized liquid hydrocarbon, it can beconducted Ainto the vupper chamber, I, through thegapertnre c. Thepipefrom the reservoir connecting at c being 4closed,the combustiblegases will be .drawn into the chamber land forced by the annular j et ofsteam surrounding thespindle D and issuing from the annular passage finto the combiningfchamber and mixed with the atmospheric air, gradually,ad-

mitted to the air-spaces by means cf theY damper in the hood K. Thecombined. gas and air or steam and vaporized liquid hydrocarbon is, bythe velocity of the steam and gas,

vcarried upl through and out 4of thecombiningchamber, igniting as itpasses the constant..

iiame kof a small jet of gas, whichv is. brought through a Small pipe tothe opening .o'f the burner. Thus n.0 combustible gases pass into thefurnace or combustion-chamber without having first been ignited. Asthesteam and; hydrocarbon vapor or gas areinjected inter-he combiningchamber of the. burner, the `atmospheric air,laden with oX-ygen,is.drawnby induction intor the current passingI through the central passage, h,at irst over longer disksurface and into a column of less diameter, andthen over gradually-increasing surfaces IIO and into a like increasingcolumn, so that as the combustible gases intermingle their attenuationis accordingly increased; and to preserve the admixture bulk for bulkmore space is 5 provided for their united passage to the point orlocality of combustion, and simultaneously and necessarily the amount ofair admit-ted is gradually increased as the column increases, so thatthe great desideratum of perfect combustion-the quantity of fuel oxygenbrought into action, rather than the quantity of fuel burned-is secured,and soin supplying each and all the elements required by the apparatusas a whole, thereis obtained first a subdivision of the atoms of each,in order that there may be a more perfect combination and admixture oflthe whole.

I am aware that injectors have been constructed of a series ofoverlapping conical tubes so arranged that the spaces between theadjacent tubes gradually decrease toward the mouth of the ejector, andalso that they have been constructed of overlapping conical tubesgradually increasing in size toward the mouth; but such are not theequivalents of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, 1s-

l. The combination, with an injector, of a series of equidistantcone-shaped disks having central openings gradually increasing in sizeand a gradually-decreasing superficial area.

2. The combination, with an injector, of a mixing chamber constructed ofa series of equidistant cone-shaped disks having central openingsgraduallyincreasing in size and a gradually decreasing superficial area,said chamber having direct communication from end to end with theexternal atmQsphere, as and for the purposes set forth.

3. The combination, with an injector, of a series ofequidistantconeshaped disks having central openings and gradually-decreasingsuperficial area, as set forth.

4. The combination, with an injector, of a series of equidistantcone-shaped disks havi 1g central apertures, enlargements,or bosses,resting one upon another, and bolts for securing them together,substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with an injector, of a mixing-chamber consisting ofa series of superposed cone-shaped disks having central openingsgradually increasing in size from said injector, and with superficial.areas gradually decreasing in the same direction, as set forth.

6. The combination, with an injector, of a series of superposedcone-shaped disks of equal diameter placed at equal distances apart and6o having central openings gradually increasing in size from saidinjector, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination, with an injector, of a mixing-cham ber consisting ofaseries of coneshaped disks having central apertures, abaseflange, andbolts passed through perforations in said disks and base-flange, wherebythe whole is secured together, as set forth.

8. The combination,with the injector, of the mixing-chamber, graduallydecreasing in diameter from its mouth to the base, formed by a series ofcone-shaped disks having central apertures gradually increasing in size,and having direct communication with said inj ector bya centralaperture, anda conical spindle projecting through said aperture and intothe mixing-chamber, so as to further reduce it at the base,substantially as set forth.

9. The combination, with the shell or casing, divided into two chambers,I J, of the bore b, and the tube f, opening from the chamber J anddischarging in the chamber I, in proximity to the bore b, and a singleconical spindle, D, for regulating the outlets b and f of the respectivechambers, as set forth.

10. The combination, with the easing having the liange projectingthereinto at an intermediate point, and the bore or outlet at one end,of a tube supported at its base by said fiange and terminating inproximity to said bore or outlet, and a spindle made conical at one endfor regulating the iiow through said bore and tube and having a valvefor closing said tube entirely, substantially as set forth.

ll. The combination,with the casing G,hav ing the two chambers I J, andthe bore b, of the tube f, arranged as described, and the spindle D,having the conical portion for regulating the ow through the said boreb, and the valve F, for regulating the flow through roo the tubef,substantially as set forth.

12. rlhe combination, with an injector and a base-ange, of a series ofconical disks, substantially as described, having the bosses g, and thebolts g',passed through said bosses for 105 holding said disks togetherand to the baseflauge, substantially as set forth.

13. In combination with a hydrocarbonburner, a hood consisting of twoshells, each of said shells being provided with inlet-aper 1 Io turesand means whereby the said apertures may be made to admit and regulateair, substantially as shown and described.

14. rIhe upper cone, g, provided with an upwardly-projecting rim, incombination with I I5 the screen It and clamping-ring h', as set forth.

JOHN B. MULLOY.

Vitnesses:

S. S. BUCK, G. W. MONULTY.

